"라이네스 차분방정식"의 두 판 사이의 차이

수학노트
둘러보기로 가기 검색하러 가기
49번째 줄: 49번째 줄:
 
* Gasull, Armengol, Víctor Mañosa, and Xavier Xarles. 2012. “Rational Periodic Sequences for the Lyness Recurrence.” Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series A 32 (2): 587–604. doi:10.3934/dcds.2012.32.587.
 
* Gasull, Armengol, Víctor Mañosa, and Xavier Xarles. 2012. “Rational Periodic Sequences for the Lyness Recurrence.” Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series A 32 (2): 587–604. doi:10.3934/dcds.2012.32.587.
 
* Alperin, Roger C. 2011. “Integer Sequences Generated by $x_n+1=\frac {x^2_n+A}{x_n-1}$.” The Fibonacci Quarterly. The Official Journal of the Fibonacci Association 49 (4): 362–365. http://www.math.sjsu.edu/~alperin/IntegerA-Sequences.pdf
 
* Alperin, Roger C. 2011. “Integer Sequences Generated by $x_n+1=\frac {x^2_n+A}{x_n-1}$.” The Fibonacci Quarterly. The Official Journal of the Fibonacci Association 49 (4): 362–365. http://www.math.sjsu.edu/~alperin/IntegerA-Sequences.pdf
 +
* Esch, J., and T. D. Rogers. 2001. “The Screensaver Map: Dynamics on Elliptic Curves Arising from Polygonal Folding.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. An International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science 25 (3): 477–502. doi:10.1007/s004540010075.
 +
* Bastien, G., and M. Rogalski. 2004. “Global Behavior of the Solutions of Lyness’ Difference Equation $u_{n+2}u_n=u_n+1+a$.” Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 10 (11): 977–1003. doi:10.1080/10236190410001728104.
 +
* Beukers, F., and R. Cushman. 1998. “Zeeman’s Monotonicity Conjecture.” Journal of Differential Equations 143 (1): 191–200. doi:10.1006/jdeq.1997.3359.
 
* Lyness, R. C. 1961. “2952. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 45 (353) (October 1): 207–209. doi:10.2307/3612778.
 
* Lyness, R. C. 1961. “2952. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 45 (353) (October 1): 207–209. doi:10.2307/3612778.
 
* Lyness, R. C. 1945. “1847. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 29 (287) (December 1): 231–233. doi:10.2307/3609268.
 
* Lyness, R. C. 1945. “1847. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 29 (287) (December 1): 231–233. doi:10.2307/3609268.

2013년 11월 1일 (금) 10:03 판

개요

  • 복소수 $A\in \mathbb{C}$에 대하여, 다음의 점화식을 Lyness 차분방정식이라 부른다

$$ x_{n+1}=\frac{A+x_{n}}{x_{n-1}} \label{lyn} $$

  • $x_0=\alpha,x_1=\beta$와, 점화식 \ref{lyn}에 의해 다음과 같은 수열 $\{x_n\}_{n\geq 0}$을 얻는다

$$ \alpha ,\beta ,\frac{A+\beta }{\alpha },\frac{A+A \alpha +\beta }{\alpha \beta },\frac{A+A \alpha +\beta +A \alpha \beta }{A \beta +\beta ^2},\frac{\alpha \left(\beta +A \left(1+\alpha +(A+\alpha ) \beta +\beta ^2\right)\right)}{(A+\beta ) (A+A \alpha +\beta )},\cdots, $$

  • 어떤 경우에, 이로부터 주기 수열을 얻을 수 있는지는 흥미로운 문제이다


불변량

  • 점화식 \ref{lyn}에 의해 얻어진 수열 $\{x_n\}_{n\geq 0}$에 대하여, 다음은 $n\in \mathbb{Z}$에 의존하지 않는 불변량이다

\[C=(A+x_{n-1}+x_{n})\left(\frac{1}{x_{n-1}}+1\right) \left(\frac{1}{x_{n}}+1\right)\]

타원 곡선

  • 점 $(x_0,y_0)$가 곡선 $F(x,y)=(x + 1) (y + 1) (x + y + A) - C x y=0$에 놓여 있는 경우, $(x_0',y_0')=(y,\frac{A+y}{x})$도 $F(x,y)=0$에 놓여 있다
  • 타원곡선 $F(x,y)=(x + 1) (y + 1) (x + y + A) - C x y=0$을 통하여, 점화식 \ref{lyn}을 이해할 수도 있다
  • 가령, 점화식 \ref{lyn}로부터 얻어지는 수열의 (최소)주기가 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,12가 되도록 하는 적당한 $x_0, x_1,A\in \mathbb{Q}$를 찾을 수 있으며, 다른 주기 (가령 4와 11)는 얻을 수 없다


특수한 경우

$A=1$

$$ \alpha ,\beta ,\frac{1+\beta }{\alpha },\frac{1+\alpha +\beta }{\alpha \beta },\frac{1+\alpha }{\beta },\alpha ,\beta ,\cdots $$

콕세터 프리즈4.png


메모

 

관련된 항목들


매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스


관련논문

  • Gasull, Armengol, Víctor Mañosa, and Xavier Xarles. 2012. “Rational Periodic Sequences for the Lyness Recurrence.” Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems. Series A 32 (2): 587–604. doi:10.3934/dcds.2012.32.587.
  • Alperin, Roger C. 2011. “Integer Sequences Generated by $x_n+1=\frac {x^2_n+A}{x_n-1}$.” The Fibonacci Quarterly. The Official Journal of the Fibonacci Association 49 (4): 362–365. http://www.math.sjsu.edu/~alperin/IntegerA-Sequences.pdf
  • Esch, J., and T. D. Rogers. 2001. “The Screensaver Map: Dynamics on Elliptic Curves Arising from Polygonal Folding.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. An International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science 25 (3): 477–502. doi:10.1007/s004540010075.
  • Bastien, G., and M. Rogalski. 2004. “Global Behavior of the Solutions of Lyness’ Difference Equation $u_{n+2}u_n=u_n+1+a$.” Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 10 (11): 977–1003. doi:10.1080/10236190410001728104.
  • Beukers, F., and R. Cushman. 1998. “Zeeman’s Monotonicity Conjecture.” Journal of Differential Equations 143 (1): 191–200. doi:10.1006/jdeq.1997.3359.
  • Lyness, R. C. 1961. “2952. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 45 (353) (October 1): 207–209. doi:10.2307/3612778.
  • Lyness, R. C. 1945. “1847. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 29 (287) (December 1): 231–233. doi:10.2307/3609268.
  • Lyness, R. C. 1942. “1581. Cycles.” The Mathematical Gazette 26 (268) (February 1): 62. doi:10.2307/3606036.