"Constrained system : U(1) pure gauge theory"의 두 판 사이의 차이

2012년 7월 13일 (금) 21:01 판

U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)
\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
quantization of the photon field http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf
- fix the gauge
- quantize unconstrained system
- gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
- impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
- we get a Hilbert space of physical states

if matter exists, we get QED

\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)

@@ 8번째 줄: / 8번째 줄: @@
 ** impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
 ** we get a Hilbert space of physical states
-* Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism]
+<h5>Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED</h5>
+* Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism]
@@ 18번째 줄: / 23번째 줄: @@
-remark
+<h5>remark</h5>
 if matter exists, we get [[QED]]