"Constrained system : U(1) pure gauge theory"의 두 판 사이의 차이
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encyclopedia==
imported>Pythagoras0 잔글 (찾아 바꾸기 – “<h5>” 문자열을 “==” 문자열로) |
imported>Pythagoras0 잔글 (찾아 바꾸기 – “</h5>” 문자열을 “==” 문자열로) |
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| − | ==introduction | + | ==introduction== |
* U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br> | * U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br> | ||
| 13번째 줄: | 13번째 줄: | ||
| − | ==Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED | + | ==Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED== |
* Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism] | * Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism] | ||
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| − | ==remark | + | ==remark== |
* if matter exists, we get [[QED]]<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br> | * if matter exists, we get [[QED]]<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br> | ||
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| − | ==history | + | ==history== |
* http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q= | * http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q= | ||
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| − | ==related items | + | ==related items== |
* [[no-ghost theorem and the construction of moonshine module and monster Lie algbera]] | * [[no-ghost theorem and the construction of moonshine module and monster Lie algbera]] | ||
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | ||
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| − | ==books | + | ==books== |
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| − | ==expositions | + | ==expositions== |
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| − | ==question and answers(Math Overflow) | + | ==question and answers(Math Overflow)== |
* http://mathoverflow.net/search?q= | * http://mathoverflow.net/search?q= | ||
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| − | ==blogs | + | ==blogs== |
* 구글 블로그 검색<br> | * 구글 블로그 검색<br> | ||
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| − | ==experts on the field | + | ==experts on the field== |
* http://arxiv.org/ | * http://arxiv.org/ | ||
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| − | ==links | + | ==links== |
* [http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html Detexify2 - LaTeX symbol classifier] | * [http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html Detexify2 - LaTeX symbol classifier] | ||
* [http://pythagoras0.springnote.com/pages/1947378 수식표현 안내] | * [http://pythagoras0.springnote.com/pages/1947378 수식표현 안내] | ||
2012년 10월 28일 (일) 15:26 판
introduction
- U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)
\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\) - quantization of the photon field http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf
- fix the gauge
- quantize unconstrained system
- gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
- impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
- we get a Hilbert space of physical states
Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED
- Gupta-Bleuler Method http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism
remark
- if matter exists, we get QED
\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
history
encyclopedia==
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/
- http://eom.springer.de
- http://www.proofwiki.org/wiki/
- Princeton companion to mathematics(Companion_to_Mathematics.pdf)
books
expositions
articles==
- http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
- http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/
- http://arxiv.org/
- http://www.pdf-search.org/
- http://pythagoras0.springnote.com/
- http://math.berkeley.edu/~reb/papers/index.html
- http://dx.doi.org/
question and answers(Math Overflow)
- http://mathoverflow.net/search?q=
- http://math.stackexchange.com/search?q=
- http://physics.stackexchange.com/search?q=
blogs
- 구글 블로그 검색
- http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/HomePage
experts on the field
links
- http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
- http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/
- http://arxiv.org/
- http://www.pdf-search.org/
- http://pythagoras0.springnote.com/
- http://math.berkeley.edu/~reb/papers/index.html
- http://dx.doi.org/
question and answers(Math Overflow)
- http://mathoverflow.net/search?q=
- http://math.stackexchange.com/search?q=
- http://physics.stackexchange.com/search?q=
blogs
- 구글 블로그 검색
- http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/HomePage
experts on the field