"Constrained system : U(1) pure gauge theory"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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==introduction==
  
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*  U(1) pure gauge theory  : theory of light (without matter)<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br>
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*  quantization of the photon field [http://www.ecm.ub.es/%7Eespriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf]<br>
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** fix the gauge
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** quantize unconstrained system
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** gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
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** impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
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** we get a Hilbert space of physical states
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==Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED==
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* Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism]
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==remark==
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*  if matter exists, we get [[QED]]<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br>
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==history==
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* http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbs=tl:1&q=
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==related items==
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* [[no-ghost theorem and the construction of moonshine module and monster Lie algbera]]
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==encyclopedia==
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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* http://www.scholarpedia.org/
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* [http://eom.springer.de/ http://eom.springer.de]
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* http://www.proofwiki.org/wiki/
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==books==
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* [[2011년 books and articles]]
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* http://library.nu/search?q=
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* http://library.nu/search?q=
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==expositions==
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==articles==
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* http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
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* http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/
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* http://arxiv.org/
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* http://www.pdf-search.org/
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* http://pythagoras0.springnote.com/
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* [http://math.berkeley.edu/%7Ereb/papers/index.html http://math.berkeley.edu/~reb/papers/index.html]
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* http://dx.doi.org/
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==question and answers(Math Overflow)==
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* http://mathoverflow.net/search?q=
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* http://math.stackexchange.com/search?q=
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* http://physics.stackexchange.com/search?q=
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==blogs==
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*  구글 블로그 검색<br>
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**  http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q=<br>
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** http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q=
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* http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/HomePage
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==experts on the field==
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* http://arxiv.org/
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==links==
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* [http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html Detexify2 - LaTeX symbol classifier]
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* [http://pythagoras0.springnote.com/pages/1947378 수식표현 안내]
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[[분류:physics]]
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[[분류:math and physics]]
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[[분류:math and physics]]
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[[분류:QFT]]
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[[분류:migrate]]

2020년 11월 13일 (금) 05:56 판

introduction

  • U(1) pure gauge theory  : theory of light (without matter)
    \(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
  • quantization of the photon field http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf
    • fix the gauge
    • quantize unconstrained system
    • gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
    • impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
    • we get a Hilbert space of physical states

 

 

Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED

 

 

 

remark

  • if matter exists, we get QED
    \(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)

 

 

history

 

 

related items

 

 

encyclopedia


 

 

books

 

 

 

expositions

 

 

articles

 

 

 

question and answers(Math Overflow)

 

 

 

blogs

 

 

experts on the field

 

 

links

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