"Constrained system : U(1) pure gauge theory"의 두 판 사이의 차이
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Pythagoras0 (토론 | 기여) |
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| (사용자 3명의 중간 판 22개는 보이지 않습니다) | |||
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| − | + | ==introduction== | |
| − | <math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math> | + | * U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)<math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math> |
| + | * quantization of the photon field [http://www.ecm.ub.es/%7Eespriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf] | ||
| + | ** fix the gauge | ||
| + | ** quantize unconstrained system | ||
| + | ** gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states) | ||
| + | ** impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states | ||
| + | ** we get a Hilbert space of physical states | ||
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| − | + | ==Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED== | |
| − | [http:// | + | * Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism] |
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| − | + | ==remark== | |
| − | we get | + | * if matter exists, we get [[QED]]<math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math> |
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| − | + | ==related items== | |
| − | + | * [[no-ghost theorem and the construction of moonshine module and monster Lie algbera]] | |
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| − | + | ==expositions== | |
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| − | + | ==articles== | |
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* http://www.ams.org/mathscinet | * http://www.ams.org/mathscinet | ||
| 99번째 줄: | 53번째 줄: | ||
* http://arxiv.org/ | * http://arxiv.org/ | ||
* http://www.pdf-search.org/ | * http://www.pdf-search.org/ | ||
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* http://dx.doi.org/ | * http://dx.doi.org/ | ||
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| − | + | [[분류:physics]] | |
| + | [[분류:math and physics]] | ||
| + | [[분류:QFT]] | ||
| + | [[분류:migrate]] | ||
| − | * [ | + | ==메타데이터== |
| − | * [ | + | ===위키데이터=== |
| + | * ID : [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5619713 Q5619713] | ||
| + | ===Spacy 패턴 목록=== | ||
| + | * [{'LOWER': 'gupta'}, {'OP': '*'}, {'LOWER': 'bleuler'}, {'LEMMA': 'formalism'}] | ||
2021년 2월 17일 (수) 02:41 기준 최신판
introduction
- U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
- quantization of the photon field http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf
- fix the gauge
- quantize unconstrained system
- gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
- impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
- we get a Hilbert space of physical states
Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED
- Gupta-Bleuler Method http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism
remark
- if matter exists, we get QED\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
expositions
articles
- http://www.ams.org/mathscinet
- http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/
- http://arxiv.org/
- http://www.pdf-search.org/
- http://dx.doi.org/
메타데이터
위키데이터
- ID : Q5619713
Spacy 패턴 목록
- [{'LOWER': 'gupta'}, {'OP': '*'}, {'LOWER': 'bleuler'}, {'LEMMA': 'formalism'}]