"Constrained system : U(1) pure gauge theory"의 두 판 사이의 차이

@@ 1번째 줄: / 1번째 줄: @@
-==introduction==
-*  U(1) pure gauge theory  : theory of light (without matter)<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br>
-*  quantization of the photon field [http://www.ecm.ub.es/%7Eespriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf]<br>
-** fix the gauge
-** quantize unconstrained system
-** gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
-** impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
-** we get a Hilbert space of physical states
-==Gupta-Bleuler quantization of QED==
-* Gupta-Bleuler Method [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta–Bleuler_formalism]
-==remark==
-*  if matter exists, we get [[QED]]<br><math>\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}</math><br>
-==related items==
-* [[no-ghost theorem and the construction of moonshine module and monster Lie algbera]]
-[[분류:physics]]
-[[분류:math and physics]]
-[[분류:QFT]]

2020년 11월 13일 (금) 06:56 판