Constrained system : U(1) pure gauge theory
http://bomber0.myid.net/ (토론)님의 2011년 9월 24일 (토) 07:14 판
U(1) pure gauge theory : theory of light (without matter)
\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
quantization of the photon field
http://www.ecm.ub.es/~espriu/teaching/classes/fae/LECT4.pdf
fix the gauge
quantize unconstrained system
gives physical and unphysical states (negative norm states)
impose the constraint condition to remove negative norm states
we get a Hilbert space of physical states
Gupta-Bleuler Method http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta%E2%80%93Bleuler_formalism
remark
if matter exists, we get QED
\(\mathcal{L}_{\text{free}} = \bar{\psi} (i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu -m)\psi - \frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\)
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