삼각함수의 적분
월리스 곱 (Wallis product formula)
\(\int\sin^n {x}\;dx = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} x\cos x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\sin^{n-2} x\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }n>2\mbox{)}\,\!\)
(증명)
\(\int\sin^n {x}\,dx = \int\sin^{n-2}{x} (1-\cos^2 x)\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\int \sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx\)
\(\int \sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx=\int (\sin^{n-2}{x}\cos x)\cos x \,dx=\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x+\int \frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x \sin x dx=\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x+\frac{1}{n-1}\int \sin^{n}x \,dx\)
치환적분 \(u=\cos x\), \(dv=\sin^{n-2}x\cos x \dx\)
\(\int\sin^n {x}\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\int \sin^{n-2}{x}\cos^2 x\,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x-\frac{1}{n-1}\int \sin^{n}x \,dx\)
\(\frac{n}{n-1}\int \sin^{n}x \,dx=\int\sin^{n-2}{x}-\frac{1}{n-1}\sin^{n-1}x\cos x\)
\(\int\sin^n {x}\;dx = -\frac{\sin^{n-1} x\cos x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\sin^{n-2} x\;dx\)
\(\int\cos^n x\;dx = \frac{\cos^{n-1} x\sin x}{n} + \frac{n-1}{n}\int\cos^{n-2} x\;dx \qquad\mbox{(for }n>2\mbox{)}\,\!\)