"베버(Weber) 모듈라 함수"의 두 판 사이의 차이

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(사용자 2명의 중간 판 46개는 보이지 않습니다)
1번째 줄: 1번째 줄:
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">이 항목의 스프링노트 원문주소</h5>
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==개요==
 +
* 모듈라 함수
 +
* 베버의 class invariant 라는 이름으로 잘 알려져 있으며, 베버는 Schläfli 함수로 불렀음
 +
* class field theory에서 중요한 역할
 +
* q-초기하급수의 형태로 표현됨
 +
  
 
+
  
 
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==정의==
 +
* 다음과 같이 세 함수를 정의
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}(\tau)=\frac{e^{-\frac{\pi i}{24}}\eta(\frac{\tau+1}{2})}{\eta(\tau)}=q^{-1/48} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})</math>
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)=\frac{\eta(\frac{\tau}{2})}{\eta(\tau)}=q^{-1/48} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})</math>
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)=\sqrt{2}\frac{\eta(2\tau)}{\eta(\tau)}=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})</math>
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여기서  <math>\eta(\tau) = q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-q^{n})</math> 는 [[데데킨트 에타함수]]
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">간단한 소개</h5>
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==모듈라 성질==
  
 
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* <math>\mathfrak{f}(\tau+1)=\zeta_{48}^{-1}\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau+1)=\zeta_{48}^{-1}\mathfrak{f}(\tau)</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau+1)=\zeta_{24}\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}(-\frac{1}{\tau})=\mathfrak{f}(\tau)</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 1(-\frac{1}{\tau})=\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 2(-\frac{1}{\tau})=\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)</math>
  
<math>f(\tau)=\frac{e^{-\frac{\pi i}{24}}\eta(\frac{\tau+1}{2})}{\eta(\tau)}=q^{-1/48} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})</math>
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<math>f_1(\tau)=\frac{\eta(\frac{\tau}{2})}{\eta(\tau)}=q^{-1/48} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})</math>
 
  
<math>f_2(\tau)=\sqrt{2}\frac{\eta(2\tau)}{\eta(\tau)}=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})</math>
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==항등식==
 +
* 다음의 항등식을 만족한다
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}_ 1(2\tau)\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)=\sqrt2</math>
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}(\tau)\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)=\sqrt2</math>
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^8=\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)^8+\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)^8</math>
  
여기서  <math>\eta(\tau) = q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-q^{n})</math> 는 [[데데킨트 에타함수]]
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==j-불변량과의 관계==
  
 
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* [[타원 모듈라 j-함수 (elliptic modular function, j-invariant)]]
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^{24}</math>, <math>-\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)^{24}</math>, <math>-\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)^{24}</math>는 <math>(x-16)^3-j(\tau)x=0</math> 의 근이다
 +
* 다음의 관계가 성립한다
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:<math>\gamma_2(\tau)=\frac{\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^{24}-16}{\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^8}=\sqrt[3]{j(\tau)}</math>
 +
:<math>\gamma_3(\tau)= \frac{(\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^{24} + 8) (\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)^8 - \mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)^8)}{\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^8}=\sqrt{j(\tau)-1728}</math>
  
 
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==special values==
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* [[타원 모듈라 j-함수의 singular moduli]]
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* <math>\mathfrak{f}(i)^8=4</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 1(i)^8=2</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 2(i)^8=2</math>
 +
* <math>\mathfrak{f}_ 1(2i)^8=8</math>
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* If <math>\tau=\sqrt{-m}</math>, <math>m\equiv 1 \pmod 4</math>, then <math>2^{-1/8}\mathfrak{f}_2(\tau)</math> is a unit.
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">재미있는 사실</h5>
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* 네이버 지식인 http://kin.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=kin_qna&query=
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==q-초기하급수 표현==
 +
* [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식‎]]과 유사하게 q-초기하급수 표현이 존재한다
 +
* [[Q-초기하급수(q-hypergeometric series)와 양자미적분학(q-calculus)|q-초기하급수(q-hypergeometric series)]] 의 공식:<math>\prod_{n=0}^{\infty}(1+zq^n)=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} z^n</math>
 +
* <math>z=q^{1/2}</math> 인 경우
 +
:<math>\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} (q^{1/2})^n=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n^2/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} </math>
 +
:<math>\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{2n-1})=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n^2}}{(1-q^2)(1-q^4)\cdots(1-q^{2n})} </math>
 +
* <math>z=q</math> 인 경우
 +
:<math>\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}q^n=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n+1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}</math>
 +
*  위의 결과로부터 다음을 얻을 수 있다
 +
:<math>f(\tau)=q^{-1/48}\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-1/2})=q^{-1/48}\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n^2/2}}{(1-q^1)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^{n})}</math>
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}_2(\tau)=\sqrt{2}\frac{\eta(2\tau)}{\eta(\tau)}=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24}\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n(n+1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}</math>
  
 
+
 +
==연분수표현==
 +
* '''[Duke2005]''' 154p
 +
:<math>\mathfrak{f}_2(\tau)={\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \over 1- } {q \over 1-q+} {q \over 1+q-} {q^3 \over 1-q^3+} \cdots</math>
  
 
 
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">역사</h5>
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==역사==
  
* [[수학사연표 (역사)|수학사연표]]
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* [[수학사 연표]]
  
 
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">메모</h5>
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==관련된 항목들==
  
 
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* [[라마누잔의 class invariants]]
 +
* [[데데킨트 에타함수]]
 +
* [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식]]
 +
* [[Q-초기하급수(q-hypergeometric series)와 양자미적분학(q-calculus)]]
 +
* [[자코비 세타함수]]
 +
* [[타원 모듈라 j-함수 (elliptic modular function, j-invariant)]]
  
 
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<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련된 항목들</h5>
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 +
==매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스==
 +
* https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B8XXo8Tve1cxeVNNb0I3Qk5nd0k/edit
  
* [[데데킨트 에타함수]]<br>
+
* [[로저스-라마누잔 항등식|로저스-라마누잔 연분수와 항등식]]<br>
 
* [[3004476|로저스-라마누잔 항등식]]<br>
 
  
 
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==관련논문==
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* '''[Duke2005]'''W. Duke, [http://www.ams.org/bull/2005-42-02/S0273-0979-05-01047-5/home.html#References Continued fractions and modular functions] , Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 (2005), 137-162
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* [http://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/CRELLE.2007.052 Characters, supercharacters and Weber modular functions]
 +
**  Antun Milas, 2005
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* [http://jtnb.cedram.org/item?id=JTNB_2002__14_1_325_0 Weber's class invariants revisited]
 +
** Reinhard Schertz, Journal de théorie des nombres de Bordeaux, 14 no. 1 (2002), p. 325-343
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* [http://www.ams.org/mcom/1997-66-220/S0025-5718-97-00854-5/ On The Singular Values Of Weber Modular Functions]
 +
** Noriko Yui ,  Don Zagier, Math. Comp. 66 (1997), 1645-1662
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/S0025579300008251 Weber's Class Invariants]
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** B. J. Birch,  Mathematika 16 (1969)
  
 
 
  
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">수학용어번역</h5>
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* http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en|ko&q=
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==관련도서==
* [http://mathnet.kaist.ac.kr/mathnet/math_list.php?mode=list&ftype=&fstr= 대한수학회 수학 학술 용어집]<br>
 
** http://mathnet.kaist.ac.kr/mathnet/math_list.php?mode=list&ftype=eng_term&fstr=
 
* [http://kms.or.kr/home/kor/board/bulletin_list_subject.asp?bulletinid=%7BD6048897-56F9-43D7-8BB6-50B362D1243A%7D&boardname=%BC%F6%C7%D0%BF%EB%BE%EE%C5%E4%B7%D0%B9%E6&globalmenu=7&localmenu=4 대한수학회 수학용어한글화 게시판]
 
  
 
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*  베버의 책
 
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** [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=math;cc=math;view=toc;subview=short;idno=06740001 Elliptische functionen und algebraische zahlen] (1891). [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1429701919?tag=corneunivelib-20 available in print]
 
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** [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=math;cc=math;view=toc;subview=short;idno=webe031 Lehrbuch der Algebra (Volume 1)] (1898). [http://astech.library.cornell.edu/ast/math/additional/Digital-Books.cfm available in print]
 
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** [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=math;cc=math;view=toc;subview=short;idno=webe032 Lehrbuch der Algebra (Volume 2)] (1898). [http://astech.library.cornell.edu/ast/math/additional/Digital-Books.cfm available in print]
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">사전 형태의 자료</h5>
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** [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=math;cc=math;view=toc;subview=short;idno=webe034 Lehrbuch der Algebra (Volume 3)] (1898). [http://astech.library.cornell.edu/ast/math/additional/Digital-Books.cfm available in print]
 
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** [http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=math;cc=math;view=toc;subview=short;idno=02910001 Theorie der Abelschen Functionen vom Geschlecht 3] (1876). [http://www.amazon.com/dp/1429704683?tag=corneunivelib-20 available in print]
* http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 
* http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=
 
* [http://dlmf.nist.gov/ NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions]
 
* [http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/index.html The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]<br>
 
** http://www.research.att.com/~njas/sequences/?q=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련논문</h5>
 
 
 
* http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<h5 style="line-height: 3.428em; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; color: rgb(34, 61, 103); font-family: 'malgun gothic', dotum, gulim, sans-serif; font-size: 1.166em; background-image: ; background-color: initial; background-position: 0px 100%;">관련도서 및 추천도서</h5>
 
 
 
*  도서내검색<br>
 
** http://books.google.com/books?q=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/contentSearch.do?query=
 
*  도서검색<br>
 
** http://books.google.com/books?q=
 
** http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_ss_gw?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=
 
** http://book.daum.net/search/mainSearch.do?query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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*  네이버 뉴스 검색 (키워드 수정)<br>
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
** http://news.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=news&x=0&y=0&sm=tab_hty&query=
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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* 구글 블로그 검색 http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?q=
 
* [http://navercast.naver.com/science/list 네이버 오늘의과학]
 
* [http://math.dongascience.com/ 수학동아]
 
* [http://www.ams.org/mathmoments/ Mathematical Moments from the AMS]
 

2014년 5월 21일 (수) 17:01 기준 최신판

개요

  • 모듈라 함수
  • 베버의 class invariant 라는 이름으로 잘 알려져 있으며, 베버는 Schläfli 함수로 불렀음
  • class field theory에서 중요한 역할
  • q-초기하급수의 형태로 표현됨



정의

  • 다음과 같이 세 함수를 정의

\[\mathfrak{f}(\tau)=\frac{e^{-\frac{\pi i}{24}}\eta(\frac{\tau+1}{2})}{\eta(\tau)}=q^{-1/48} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})\] \[\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)=\frac{\eta(\frac{\tau}{2})}{\eta(\tau)}=q^{-1/48} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})\] \[\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)=\sqrt{2}\frac{\eta(2\tau)}{\eta(\tau)}=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})\] 여기서 \(\eta(\tau) = q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1-q^{n})\) 는 데데킨트 에타함수


모듈라 성질

  • \(\mathfrak{f}(\tau+1)=\zeta_{48}^{-1}\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau+1)=\zeta_{48}^{-1}\mathfrak{f}(\tau)\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau+1)=\zeta_{24}\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}(-\frac{1}{\tau})=\mathfrak{f}(\tau)\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 1(-\frac{1}{\tau})=\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 2(-\frac{1}{\tau})=\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)\)



항등식

  • 다음의 항등식을 만족한다

\[\mathfrak{f}_ 1(2\tau)\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)=\sqrt2\] \[\mathfrak{f}(\tau)\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)=\sqrt2\] \[\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^8=\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)^8+\mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)^8\]



j-불변량과의 관계

\[\gamma_2(\tau)=\frac{\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^{24}-16}{\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^8}=\sqrt[3]{j(\tau)}\] \[\gamma_3(\tau)= \frac{(\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^{24} + 8) (\mathfrak{f}_ 1(\tau)^8 - \mathfrak{f}_ 2(\tau)^8)}{\mathfrak{f}(\tau)^8}=\sqrt{j(\tau)-1728}\]

special values

  • 타원 모듈라 j-함수의 singular moduli
  • \(\mathfrak{f}(i)^8=4\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 1(i)^8=2\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 2(i)^8=2\)
  • \(\mathfrak{f}_ 1(2i)^8=8\)
  • If \(\tau=\sqrt{-m}\), \(m\equiv 1 \pmod 4\), then \(2^{-1/8}\mathfrak{f}_2(\tau)\) is a unit.



q-초기하급수 표현

\[\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-\frac{1}{2}})=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} (q^{1/2})^n=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n^2/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)} \] \[\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{2n-1})=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n^2}}{(1-q^2)(1-q^4)\cdots(1-q^{2n})} \]

  • \(z=q\) 인 경우

\[\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n-1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}q^n=\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n (n+1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}\]

  • 위의 결과로부터 다음을 얻을 수 있다

\[f(\tau)=q^{-1/48}\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n-1/2})=q^{-1/48}\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n^2/2}}{(1-q^1)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^{n})}\] \[\mathfrak{f}_2(\tau)=\sqrt{2}\frac{\eta(2\tau)}{\eta(\tau)}=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \prod_{n=1}^{\infty} (1+q^{n})=\sqrt{2}q^{1/24}\sum_{n\geq 0}\frac{q^{n(n+1)/2}}{(1-q)(1-q^2)\cdots(1-q^n)}\]


연분수표현

  • [Duke2005] 154p

\[\mathfrak{f}_2(\tau)={\sqrt{2}q^{1/24} \over 1- } {q \over 1-q+} {q \over 1+q-} {q^3 \over 1-q^3+} \cdots\]


역사



관련된 항목들



매스매티카 파일 및 계산 리소스


관련논문



관련도서