에드워즈 곡선 디지털 서명 알고리듬

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  1. Abstract This document describes elliptic curve signature scheme Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA).[1]
  2. EdDSA needs to be instantiated with certain parameters, and this document describes some recommended variants.[1]
  3. To facilitate adoption of EdDSA in the Internet community, this document describes the signature scheme in an implementation-oriented way and provides sample code and test vectors.[1]
  4. The advantages with EdDSA are as follows: 1. EdDSA provides high performance on a variety of platforms; 2. The use of a unique random number for each signature is not required; 3.[1]
  5. Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) is a digital signature scheme using twisted Edwards curves.[2]
  6. This module provides support for EdDSA (Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm) using SHA-512 and Ed25519.[2]
  7. 1. An odd prime power p. EdDSA uses an elliptic curve over the finite field GF(p).[3]
  8. EdDSA public keys have exactly b bits, and EdDSA signatures have exactly 2*b bits.[3]
  9. Conservative hash functions (i.e., hash functions where it is infeasible to create collisions) are recommended and do not have much impact on the total cost of EdDSA. 5.[3]
  10. Secret EdDSA scalars have exactly n + 1 bits, with the top bit (the 2^n position) always set and the bottom c bits always cleared.[3]
  11. Herein, Edwards-curve digital signature algorithm or shortly EdDSA offers slightly faster signatures than ECDSA.[4]
  12. In EdDSA, this is handled by generating random key based on the hash of the message.[4]
  13. This issue is handled in EdDSA.[4]
  14. However, ECDSA/EdDSA and DSA differ in that DSA uses a mathematical operation known as modular exponentiation while ECDSA/EdDSA uses elliptic curves.[5]
  15. EdDSA solves the same discrete log problem as DSA/ECDSA, but uses a different family of elliptic curves known as the Edwards Curve (EdDSA uses a Twisted Edwards Curve).[5]
  16. The EdDSA signatures use the Edwards form of the elliptic curves (for performance reasons), respectively edwards25519 and edwards448 .[6]
  17. The hash function H {\displaystyle H} is normally modelled as a random oracle in formal analyses of EdDSA's security.[7]
  18. Like other discrete-log-based signature schemes, EdDSA uses a secret value called a nonce unique to each signature.[7]
  19. In contrast, EdDSA chooses the nonce deterministically as the hash of a part of the private key and the message.[7]
  20. The Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) scheme uses a variant of the Schnorr signature based on twisted Edwards curves.[8]
  21. EdDSA is designed to be faster than existing digital signature schemes without sacrificing security.[8]
  22. EJBCA supports EdDSA signature keys and you can create a Certificate Authority (CA) using EdDSA keys both using the EJBCA Admin UI and the CLI ( bin/ejbca.sh ca init ).[8]
  23. PKCS#11 did not standardize support for EdDSA until PKCS#11v3, while most HSMs still (October 2020) are still on PKCS#11v2.40.[8]
  24. Although EdDSA is employed in many widely used protocols, such as TLS and SSH, there appear to be extremely few hardware implementations that focus only on EdDSA.[9]
  25. I. INTRODUCTION E DWARDS curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA) developed by Bernstein et al.[9]
  26. The Ed25519, as the most popular instance of EdDSA, is widely used as a digital signature method to guarantee the validity of the communications.[9]
  27. However, EdDSA has not got sufcient study, especially in the eld of hard- ware implementation based on eld-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).[9]
  28. The API for EdDSA and the implementation in SunEC will not support arbitrary domain parameters.[10]
  29. Typical uses of EdDSA only use standardized parameter sets such as Ed25519 and Ed448 which can be specified using identifiers, and support for arbitrary curve parameters is not typically needed.[10]
  30. The EdDSA API should permit, through extension, the specification of arbitrary domain parameters.[10]
  31. Some users may have EdDSA certificates, and may have a strong preference to use EdDSA.[10]
  32. If you’re working on embedded systems, the determinism inherent to EdDSA might be undesirable due to the possibility of fault attacks.[11]
  33. Maybe you've seen the landslide of acronyms that go along with it: ECC, ECDSA, ECDH, EdDSA, Ed25519, etc.[12]
  34. Hence implementing EdDSA over Galois field provides more security compared to the conventional EdDSA signature.[13]
  35. EdDSA needs to be instantiated with certain parameters.[13]
  36. Creation of signature is deterministic in EdDSA and it has higher security due to intractability of some discrete logarithm problems.[13]
  37. For the EdDSA authenticator to function, it needs to know its own private key.[13]
  38. It means that EdDSA is similar to other elliptic curve signature algorithms, but has some different algorithmic details.[14]
  39. On some other occasions, the EdDSA is also called ed25519.[14]
  40. But the security of EdDSA does not depend on a random number generator, which is very different from ECDSA.[14]
  41. Last but not least, EdDSA is very fast during the key generation process to sign a signature, make a verification.[14]
  42. In this paper, we make a comparative study of these methods for the Edwards curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA).[15]
  43. We describe the adaptation of Algorithms N, N′, S2′ and SP for EdDSA signatures.[15]
  44. More precisely, we study seminumeric scalar multiplication and Montgomery ladders during randomization of EdDSA signatures.[15]
  45. Each EdDSA signature verification involves a square-root computation.[15]
  46. Signing a message with EdDSA proves to the recipient that the sender of the message is in possession of the private key corresponding to the transmitted public key used during verification.[16]
  47. The sender generates an EdDSA private-public keypair with private key k and public key A. For Ed25519, these are 32 bytes in little endian.[16]
  48. This result is used as a scalar to generate EdDSA signature component R which is a point on Ed25519.[16]
  49. The signature component R, public key A, and message M are hashed to find a value that is used to generate the EdDSA signature component S which is a scalar.[16]
  50. Using EdDSA has a few advantages over ECDSA, mostly due to it being easier to implement and, therefore, more secure.[17]
  51. To learn more about EdDSA and these variants, I recommend checking out David Wong’s article “EdDSA, Ed25519, Ed25519-IETF, Ed25519ph, Ed25519ctx, HashEdDSA, PureEdDSA, WTF?”.[17]
  52. Otherwise, check out ed25519.cr.yp.to, which lists the benefits of using EdDSA (some are debatable).[17]
  53. With EdDSA, both Ed25519 and Ed448 use an alg value of EdDSA .[17]
  54. This document specifies the conventions for using the Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) for curve25519 and curve448 in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS).[18]
  55. For each curve, EdDSA defines the PureEdDSA and HashEdDSA modes.[18]
  56. The id-Ed25519 and id-Ed448 object identifiers are used to identify EdDSA public keys in certificates.[18]
  57. The SignerInfo signature field contains the octet string resulting from the EdDSA private key signing operation.[18]
  58. You've heard of EdDSA right?[19]
  59. Since its inception, EdDSA has evolved quite a lot, and some amount of standardization process has happened to it.[19]
  60. Using EdDSA Signatures with CMS August 2018 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................2 1.1.[20]
  61. EdDSA with curve25519 is referred to as "Ed25519", and EdDSA with curve448 is referred to as "Ed448".[20]
  62. Using EdDSA Signatures with CMS August 2018 2.3.[20]
  63. EdDSA needs to be instantiated with certain parameters and this document describe some recommended variants.[21]
  64. This obviates the need for EdDSA to perform expensive point validation on untrusted public values.[21]
  65. The generic EdDSA digital signature system with its eleven input parameters is not intended to be implemented directly.[21]
  66. EdDSA public keys have exactly b bits, and EdDSA signatures have exactly 2b bits.[21]
  67. EDDSA Specifies to generate a digital signature using the EDDSA algorithm.[22]
  68. This keyword is required with EDDSA, EC-SDSA , and CRDL-DSA keywords.[22]
  69. This keyword is required with the EDDSA keyword.[22]
  70. EdDSA is used in TLS 1.3.[23]
  71. So in that regard, no, EdDSA is not supported.[23]
  72. According to our knowledge, this is the rst two-part cryptography scheme designed for Edwards-curve digital signature algorithm without sacricing security.[24]
  73. For the sake of improving above deciency, we present a two-party Edwards-curve digital signature algorithm.[24]
  74. However, EdDSA signatures are defined on twisted Edwards curves, where a public key is a compressed point consisting of a twisted Edwards y-coordinate and a sign bit s which is either 0 or 1.[25]
  75. Abstract We present an EdDSA-compatible multi-party digital signature scheme that supports an oine participant during the key-generation phase, without relying on a trusted third party.[26]
  76. A Provably-Unforgeable Threshold EdDSA with an Oine Recovery Party 3 Organization We present some preliminaries in Section 2.[26]
  77. Our protocol works with both ECDSA and EdDSA signature schemes and prioritizes efcient computation and communication.[27]
  78. z, the rst part of the signature r, and the nonce k as follows: s k1 (z + r d) mod n. C. EdDSA Signature generation in EdDSA works similar to ECDSA.[27]
  79. An EdDSA signature also consists of a tuple of integers (r, s), but computation differs slightly: 1) First, the secret key is hashed.[27]
  80. 2) A cryptographically secure nonce is also required in EdDSA, but generating it is not left to the implementer.[27]

소스

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 RFC 8032: Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 A Gentle Introduction to Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Comparing SSH Keys - RSA, DSA, ECDSA, or EdDSA?
  6. ↑ EdDSA and Ed25519
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wikipedia
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 EdDSA Keys and Signatures
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Ieee transactions on very large scale integration (vlsi) systems, vol. 29, no. 7, july 2021
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 JEP 339: Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
  11. ↑ Guidance for Choosing an Elliptic Curve Signature Algorithm in 2022
  12. ↑ Everything you wanted to know about Elliptic Curve Cryptography – Fission
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Eddsa over galois field gf((cid:2198)(cid:2195)) for multimedia data
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 EdDSA, a good signature algorithm
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Batch Verification of EdDSA Signatures
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 EDDSA.h File Reference
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 EdDSA for JWT Signing in .NET Core
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 hjp: doc: RFC 8419: Use of Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) Signatures in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 EdDSA, Ed25519, Ed25519-IETF, Ed25519ph, Ed25519ctx, HashEdDSA, PureEdDSA, WTF?
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 RFC 8419 - Use of Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) Signatures in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Edwards-curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Digital Signature Generate (CSNDDSG and CSNFDSG)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) ...
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 International journal of network security, vol.23, no.4, pp.558-568, july 2021 (doi: 10.6633/ijns.202107 23(4).02)
  25. ↑ Signal >> Specifications >> The XEdDSA and VXEdDSA Signature Schemes
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Springer Nature 2021 LATEX template A Provably-Unforgeable Threshold EdDSA
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Improving security for users of decentralized exchanges through multiparty computation

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  • [{'LOWER': 'edwards'}, {'OP': '*'}, {'LOWER': 'curve'}, {'LOWER': 'digital'}, {'LOWER': 'signature'}, {'LOWER': 'algorithm'}]
  • [{'LOWER': 'eddsa'}]
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